Surface water

Low pressure membrane filtration processes are increasingly competing against conventional surface water treatment plants. In comparison with conventional processes, UF technology has many advantages, but it is also important that a kind of membrane is suitably selected and operated. In this paper,

The study concerned surface water contamination of two perfluorinated compounds: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Surveys were repeatedly conducted in the Yodo River basin in order to find out the contamination profiles and the sources of these compounds. Collected sam

A hybrid process, consisting of ozonation and membrane filtration, followed by activated carbon filtration, was studied in demonstration scale for the drinking and service water production from surface water in Thailand. The main focus of this study centred on the evaluation of the entire process, e

Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate electrocoagulation as electrodisinfection of artificial wastewater contaminated by no pathogenic Escherichia coli species in batch culture and two surface waters using three different electrodes. Aluminium electrodes were found most efficient in

In China, many water supplies depend on conventional water treatment. Due to unfit soil and water conservation in some regions of China, conventional water treatment has showed some defects for the poor quality of water resource. In addition, advances in membrane technology and increasing requiremen

A hybrid process, consisting of ozonation and membrane filtration, followed by activated carbon filtration, was studied in pilot scale for drinking water production from river water. The main focus of this study centred on tests to determine the effect of ozone on the filtration and fouling behaviou

Studies concerning the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from surface and tap water by nanofiltration are presented. The separation and transport characteristics of nanofiltration membranes were determined. The degree of NOM coefficient and water hardness removal from surface water and a reduc

Membrane technology is widely accepted as a means of producing various qualities of water from surface water, well water, brackish water and seawater. Membrane technology is also used in industrial processes and in industrial wastewater treatment, and lately membrane technology has moved into the ar

Capillary nanofiltration (NF) enables raw water to be treated in a single step to produce high quality permeate. The permeate can be used as process water for the industry. Trial studies show that a stable operation is achievable using capillary NF without pretreatment (in other words direct NF), th

In this paper the relationship between liquid velocity and the concentration of components in the premeate is described for capillary nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Capillary NF combines the advantages of NF — good retention of bivalent ions and DOC — with the advantages of capillary membranes — rob