Toluene

The increasing contamination of soil and waters with volatile organic compounds, such as halogen derivatives or petrochemical hydrocarbons, poses a serious hazard due to the carcinogenic effect of most of the compounds. Their low concentrations as well as the presence of other hindering substances m

One of the methods of achieving high selectivity or high flux for specific compounds is the modification of membrane such as filling, grafting or coating. The most common is adding fillers, especially high aspect ratio fillers. It improves physical properties such as increased stiffness or reduced c

This paper presents a study that aims to overcome oxygen limitations in membrane-attached biofilms in the Extractive Membrane Bioreactor (EMB), by using nitrate instead of oxygen as an electron acceptor. In the EMB target organic compounds are extracted through a dense membrane into a bioreactor, wh