Ultrasonic

Membrane fouling is universally accepted as one of the critical problems limiting the wider application of membranes in liquid–solid separation. The in-situ ultrasonic application is one of the promising methods for reducing the extent of concentration polarization and increasing permeate flux durin

The generation of hydrogen peroxide and the decomposition of free cyanide by ultrasonic waves were studied and the statistical analysis of the results for significance was performed using Ergun’s test (essentially One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for gradients). Effects of the ultrasonic intensi

The development of a non-destructive, real-time observation technique to detect and monitor fouling during liquid separation processes is of great importance to the development of strategies to improve operating conditions. In this study ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) was used to measur