Water

Potable water and sanitation facilities access constitutes one of the major problems faced by developing countries. In Senegal, more than 70% of urban centres lack drinking water distribution networks and satisfactory sewage systems. For this reason, public authorities have initiated series of insti

Nigeria is among the group of developing countries that have adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) blueprint as a veritable vehicle for poverty eradication, economic growth and sustainable development. However, the pollution of its surface water from discharges from domestic, industrial an

Information on the extent of health problems caused by fluoride in Tanzania is scanty. To determine the prevalence and the severity of dental fluorosis in relation to fluoride level in water and in ‘magadi’ (Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate), 2912 school children aged 12–18 years from 96 vill

Lake Victoria basin has a large rural and rapidly growing peri-urban population that lacks sustainable solutions to safe and adequate water supply, energy and sanitation. Access to safe water and sanitation was 60% and 53%, respectively, by 2006. An Integrated Water, Energy and Sanitation Solution (

Over one billion people are without access to safe water, while twice as many lack access to improved sanitation services, making these two of the world’s most pressing issues. The sustainability of critical infrastructure systems, such as water and sanitation, is a necessary (though not sufficient)

The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the attainment of the highest possible level of human health. It formulates of guidelines, norms and standards, and issues technical supporting documents adapted to local challenges. WHO supports progress towards MDG 4: reduce childhood mortality through

Salinity gradient power (SGP) is based on the chemical potential difference between concentrated and dilute salt solutions. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) can thus be used to produce electricity by a SGP–RED unit. In principle, a highly concentrated solution can be recovered from a seawater desalinat

The city of Batman, located in the southeastern part of Turkey, has lately been receiving national attention because of its oil reserves and production, and cultural, tourist attractions and rapid industrialization. There is no information about radioactivity measurement reported in water samples in

This pilot train study compares the biofouling potential of two river waters that had been subjected to different pretreatment schemes conducting to equivalent microbial cells contents but different total and biodegradable organic carbon concentrations. Permeability and pressure drop of nanofiltrati

This paper discusses the use of membranes for gas transfer in water and wastewater treatment. Typically, membrane bioreactors use microporous membranes to enhance treatment through improved solids separation. In a number of recent research studies, however, gas-permeable membranes have also been use